3 MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) (z) Equity instruments Ordinary shares and special share are classified as equity. Other shares are classified as equity and/or liability according to the economic substance of the particular instrument. The transaction costs of an equity transactions are accounted for as a deduction from equity, net of tax. Equity transaction costs comprise only those incremental external costs directly attributable to the equity transaction which would otherwise have been avoided. When share capital recognised as equity is repurchased, the amount of the consideration paid, including directly attributable costs, net of any tax effects, is recognised as a deduction from equity. Repurchased shares that are not subsequently cancelled are classified as treasury shares in the statement of changes in equity. When treasury shares are sold or reissued subsequently, the difference between the sales consideration net of directly attributable costs and the carrying amount of the treasury shares is recognised in equity. When treasury shares are vested to employees or employees of subsidiaries as part of equity settled share based compensation plan, the derecognition of treasury shares is adjusted against the reserve in respect of the plan within equity. (aa) Segment reporting Segment information is presented in a manner that is consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. The chief operating decision-maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the Group Management Committee. (ab) Derivative financial instruments and hedging activities Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value. The method of recognising the resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and the nature of the item being hedged. The Group designates certain derivatives as hedges of a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction (cash flow hedge). The Group documents at the inception of the transaction the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedging transactions. Hedge effectiveness is determined at the inception of the hedge relationship, and through periodic prospective effectiveness assessments to ensure that an economic relationship exists between the hedged item and hedging instrument. The fair values of various derivative instruments used for hedging purposes are disclosed in Note 34 to the financial statements. The full fair value of a hedging derivative is classified as a non-current asset or liability when the remaining hedged item is more than 12 months, and as a current asset or liability when the remaining maturity of the hedged item is less than 12 months. FGV Holdings Berhad | Audited Financial Statements 2024 Notes to the Financial Statements For the financial year ended 31 December 2024 52
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