3 MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) (x) Employee benefits (continued) (ii) Defined contribution plan Defined contribution plans are post-employment benefit plans under which the Group pays fixed contributions into separate entities or funds and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further contributions if any of the funds do not hold sufficient assets to pay all employee benefits relating to employee services in the current and preceding financial years. Such contributions are recognised as an expense in profit or loss as incurred. (iii) Defined benefit plan A defined benefit plan is a retirement plan that defines an amount of retirement benefits to be paid, usually as a function of one or more factors such as age, years of service or compensation. Certain companies within the Group operate non-funded defined benefit retirement plans. Under the plan, retirement benefits are determinable by reference to employees’ earnings, designation and years of service and payable upon attaining the normal retirement age. The liabilities in respect of defined benefit plans are the present value of the defined benefit obligations at the statement of financial position date less adjustments for actuarial gains/losses and unrecognised past service costs. The Group determines the present value of the defined benefit obligations with sufficient regularity such that the amounts recognised in the financial statements do not differ materially from the amounts that would be determined at the statement of financial position date. The defined benefit obligations, calculated using the projected unit credit method, are determined by independent actuaries, considering the estimated future cash outflows using market yields at statement of financial position date of government securities that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid and that have terms of maturity approximating to the terms of the related pension obligation. Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited to equity in other comprehensive income in the period in which they arise. Current service costs, past service costs and finance costs are recognised in immediately in profit or loss. (iv) Termination benefits The Group pays termination benefits in cases of termination of employment within the framework of a restructuring. Termination benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense when the Group has a detailed formal plan for the termination and is without realistic possibility of withdrawal. (y) Contingent liabilities The Group does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements. A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence and non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Group or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in the extremely rare case where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. However contingent liabilities do not include financial guarantee contracts. Notes to the Financial Statements For the financial year ended 31 December 2024 51
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