42 FGV HOLDINGS BERHAD NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 3 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) (s) Government grants Grants from the government are recognised at their fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and the Group will comply with all attached conditions. Government grants relating to income are recognised in profit or loss over the periods to match the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate. The benefit of a loan at a below-market rate of interest received from a government, if any, is treated as a government grant, measured as the difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates. Government grants relating to the purchase of assets are presented as a reduction of the carrying amount of the related assets. The government grant is recognised in profit or loss over the life of the related property, plant and equipment as a reduced depreciation expense. (t) Revenue recognition (i) Revenue from contracts with customers Group’s revenue which represents income arising in the course of the Group’s and the Company’s ordinary activities is recognised by reference to each distinct performance obligation promised in the contract with customer when or as the Group and the Company transfer the control of the goods and services promised in a contract and the customer obtains control of the goods or services. Depending on the substance of the respective contract with customer, the control of the promised goods or services may transfer over time or at point in time. A contract with customer exists when the contract has commercial substance, the Group, the Company and their customers have approved the contract and intend to perform their respective obligations, the Group’s, the Company’s and the customer’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred and the payment terms can be identified, and it is probable that the Group and the Company will collect the consideration to which it will be entitled to in exchange of those goods or services. Revenue from contracts with customers is measured at its transaction price, being the amount of consideration which the Group expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties such as sales and service taxes or goods and service tax. If the amount of consideration varies due to discounts, rebates, penalties or other similar items, the Group and the Company estimate the amount of consideration that it expects to be entitled based on the expected value method or the most likely outcome but the estimation is constrained up to the amount that is highly probable of no significant reversal in the future. Transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation on the basis of the relative standalone selling prices of each distinct good or service promised in the contract. The Group's revenue is categorised in three sectors: (a) Plantation Sector comprising palm upstream, palm downstream, research, development and agri-services In the palmupstreamoperations, theGroup sells agricultural produce such as crude palmoil (“CPO”), fresh fruit bunches (“FFB”), palm kernel (“PK”) and rubber products. In the palm downstream operations, the Group sells refined bleached deodorised oil (RBD), palm olein (PO) products, crude palm kernel oil (CPKO), packed product, fatty acids and glycerine, biodiesel and biomass generation (sale of electricity). In the research, development and agri-services operations, the Group sells fertilisers, seedlings, rat poison, agronomic services and others. Revenue from sales of agriculture produce and goods from these operations is recognised net of discount and taxes at the point in time when control of the goods has transferred to the customer. Depending on the terms of the contract with the customer, control transfers either upon delivery or shipment of goods to the specific location agreed with the customers, the risks of obsolescence and loss have been transferred to the customers, and either the customers have accepted the goods in accordance with the sales contract, the acceptance provisions have lapsed, or the Group has objective evidence that all criteria for acceptance have been satisfied.
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